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Walking backward in time
By Irfan Husain "The Dawn, 21 April 2005"
" At the core of this struggle lies a deep
insecurity in the minds of religious leaders. They know in their heart
of hearts that they are not really educated in any meaningful sense,
whatever the Election Commission might say. If their ignorant followers
acquire a real education, they might well question the authority the
mullahs have gained. Islam recognizes no theocracy, and no over lordship
of any religious leader or party. Each believer prays directly to God
without any intermediary. So in a way, the authority of our clergy rests
on very shaky foundations."
--the author
EVER since 9/11,
many in the West see Muslims as being involved in terrorism, and Islam
as somehow encouraging violence.
* Defenders of Islam have constantly and correctly pointed out that
their faith is one of peace, tolerance and love. So a foreigner visiting
**Pakistan** could be excused for asking why these virtues are virtually
absent from Pakistani society. Why, he could well ask, is the rhetoric
of the religious parties so full of hate and venom? ***
*What, for instance, would he make of this recent headline: “NWFP
minister threatens to throw people planning girls’ marathon into
**Kabul** river”? It seems that Mr Sirajul Haq, senior minister in the
NWFP government, wants to drown anybody contemplating an athletic event
for women.***
*When a number of armed thugs led by an MMA Member of Parliament
attacked women’s ‘mini-marathon’ event in **Gujranwala**, the incident
made headlines around the world. This only reinforced the image Muslims
have acquired in the West. Photographs of bearded, lathi-wielding
zealots are frightening reminders of the growing gap between two
worldviews.***
*For the mullahs, there should be no progress, no scientific enquiry,
men should have unkempt beards, and women should be locked securely
indoors. In this Talebanesque vision, we should march backwards to the
7th century.***
*Mercifully, there is a gentler, more tolerant version of Islam
practiced in the greater part of Muslim world. Here, progress is seen as
something to strive for; women have equal rights; the minorities are
protected; and education is not seen as an adjunct of Islamic Studies.
But in these societies, too, there are limits on the freedom of thought
and expression that run counter to the demands of free enquiry and
rational thought.
*In the modern, secular world view that today shapes the West and other
dynamic societies in **Asia**, there are no eternal truths: everything
is questioned, and nothing is beyond criticism. In this intellectual
ferment, theories are advanced and demolished; new ideas come and go;
and the frontiers of human knowledge are advanced every day. There are
many religious people in these societies, but their faith does not block
progress. Indeed, most developed nations have secularism inscribed as a
basic tenet in their constitutions.*
*A current example of the conflict between extremism and modernism is
the unnecessary controversy raised by the clerics about the decision to
include the **Aga Khan** **University** Education Board among the
examining boards for school leaving students. Considering that there are
a score or so of such bodies, affiliation to the AKUEB is entirely
voluntary, and it has no power to change the curriculum, the furore
raised by the hardliners is hard to understand.***
*In a leading Urdu daily, Alama Ayaz Zaheer, the chairman of the
**Pakistan** Madrassa Foundation makes this odd accusation, followed by
the usual threats: “Very soon, AKUEB is going to be given the charge of
madrassas in **Pakistan**. We will not accept it. The consequences would
be horrible if AKUEB tried to take over our madrassas. We would besiege
all Aga Khan Foundation offices and teach the infidels an unforgettable
lesson...”*
*Our clerics are fond of declaring their targets ‘non-Muslim’ while
threatening them with violence. They have given themselves the authority
to declare who is a believer and who is not.***
*And while these threats are flying around, what does the **Pakistan**
government do? Cave in yet again. Just as it meekly gave in to the MMA’s
demand to include a religion column in the new passports, I expect it
will soon withdraw the ordinance it had earlier issued making the AKUEB
an examining board.***
*Actually, this vicious anti-AKUEB campaign makes eminent sense for the
right wing. Ever since Zia and the army virtually handed over public
education to the religious parties, they have steadily eroded its
quality. The result is before us all to see. Now, a high school
certificate is not accepted by any decent college or university unless
it holds its own admission test. The clerics, backed by many education
department officials, believe that an independent examining body would
insist on higher standards, thereby exposing the shoddy system they have
created. These vested interests would be unable to manipulate results
for money or for influence, at least for those schools opting to be
examined by the AKUEB.***
*In reality, this debate goes to the very heart of the struggle between
extremism and modernity. Religious leaders see this as the thin edge of
the wedge. If the AKUEB succeeds in raising standards, government boards
will be under pressure to emulate it, and just possibly, public
education might be improved to acceptable levels. An example of this
knock-on effect exists in the shape of the **Aga Khan** **University**
hospital that, by offering world class health care, has influenced other
private and public hospitals into changing the way they function.***
*At the core of this struggle lies a deep insecurity in the minds of
religious leaders. They know in their heart of hearts that they are not
really educated in any meaningful sense, whatever the Election
Commission might say. If their ignorant followers acquire a real
education, they might well question the authority the mullahs have
gained. Islam recognizes no theocracy, and no over lordship of any
religious leader or party. Each believer prays directly to God without
any intermediary. So in a way, the authority of our clergy rests on very
shaky foundations.***
*Returning to where we started, why is the language of our religious
parties so filled with hate and violence? Where are the love and peace
the Holy Book teaches us? Why cannot Pakistani clerics engage in calm
and constructive debate? Uneducated in everything, their only
intellectual weapon is a poorly understood and ill-digested rote
learning of the scriptures. Unable to contribute anything to the great
deeds and thoughts of our times, they want to drag us all back to the
medieval era.***
*And since they have no answers to the real problems of the day, they
are forever creating unnecessary controversies in an unending effort to
distract the poor and the ignorant from demanding a better life. |