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LUQMAN, THE WISE
Luqman’s
advices to his son are narrated
in Surah Luqman, which is the 31st Surah of the Noble Qur’an.
Verse 12
says: “We gave wisdom to Luqman so that he
would give thanks to Allah
(s.w.t.). Those who give thanks
to Allah (s.w.t.) do so for
their own good. Those who are
ungrateful should know that
Allah (s.w.t.) is
Self-Sufficient and
Praiseworthy.”
Verse 13 says: Luqman advised his, telling him, O
My son, do not consider anything
equal to Him for it is the
greatest injustice.”
Verse 16 says: “O My son, Allah brings forth
items of sustenance, even if
they are as small as a grain of
mustard seed, hidden in a rock
or in the Heavens or the earth.
Allah (s.w.t.) is Subtle and
All-Aware.”
Verse 17 says: “O My son be steadfast in prayer.
Make others do good. Prevent
them from doing evil. Be patient
in hardship. Patience comes from
faith and determination.”
Verse 18 says: “Do not show people that you are an
inferior person. Do not walk
around puffed-up with pride;
Allah (s.w.t.) does not love
arrogant and boastful people.”
Verse 19 says: “Be moderate (slower) in your
walking and your talking. The
most unpleasant sound is the
braying of donkeys.”
Shaikh
Tabrasi says that there is
difference of opinion about
Luqman. Some say that he had the
Divine knowledge but was not a
Prophet. Others say that he was
a Prophet.
Imam Jaffer
al-Sadiq (a.s.) said: “Luqman
was steadfast in obeying Allah
and refrained from His
disobedience.”
Luqman gave
admonitions to his son as
detailed below:
Be a
companion of the wise. Take from
this world only that which is
essential and enough for you.
Also do not give up earning in
this world that you may become
needy. This world is a deep
ocean. Innumerable people have
drowned in it. It is essential
for you to make faith your ship
for saving yourself from the
danger of this world. You should
make ‘Reliance only in one
Allah’ the sail of your ship.
Your provision in the ship
should be avoidance of the
illegal and undesirable.
Thereafter if you are saved, it
is due to Allah’s Mercy and if
you get destroyed it is because
of your sins. You must set aside
some hours in the day and night
to acquire knowledge because
there is nothing which can
destroy it. Do not make the rich
your enemy and do not keep
company of oppressors. Do not
make friendship with a sinner
nor sit with a disgraced and
notorious person.
My precious
son! Fear Allah as He deserves
to be feared. You should always
be afraid of His chastisements.
Similarly, also remain hopeful
of His Mercy even if you have
sinned totaling the sins of all
men and jinn and be hopeful that
He will forgive you. My son, if
a faithful heart is cut open,
two rays will come out of it.
One light of the fear of Allah
and the other light of hope from
Allah. If both the lights could
be weighed, both will be equal.
So the one
who has truly and sincerely has
believed in Allah will surely
act honestly for Allah with a
hope for good. One who acts in
this way really believes in
Allah and fears Him and the one
who fears Him loves Him and the
one who loves Him also obeys Him
and the one who obeys Him makes
himself eligible for His
pleasure and Paradise. And the one who does not
want His pleasure makes His
punishment swift upon him.
Do you not
see that Allah has not made the
worldly bounties the reward of
His obedience nor has he made
the worldly hardships the
punishments for His
disobedience. Both the reward
and punishment is promised in
Hereafter.
O My son!
Make a thousand friends because
even a thousand friends are less
but do not make even one enemy
because one enemy is sufficient.
There are
three signs of a sinner: He
embezzles people’s wealth, tells
lies and acts contrary to his
words. There are three signs of
ostentations (show off): He is
slack in his worship while he is
alone but makes a show of full
attentiveness in worship while
in public and he does it so that
people may praise him. The
envious has also three signs: He
back-bites people and flatters
them on face, feels happy when
people are in trouble. There are
three signs of extravagant: He
eats things which are beyond his
capacity and so also he wears
likewise, and he feeds others
crossing his limits of capacity.
There are three signs of
indolent (lazy): He is slack in
doing good deeds and he
postpones good deeds until and
unless he is threatened and he
becomes so lazy that the job is
spoiled and thus he becomes
defaulter. There are three signs
of a negligent man: He is
doubtful in his worship, becomes
careless in matters of
remembering his Lord and he
forgets good deeds.
My son!
Confront your enemy by avoiding
the prohibited. Keep your soul
clean of Allah’s disobedience.
Keep your secrets hidden and
your inner self pure.
Be content on
what Allah has fixed for you so
that you will always remain
happy.
O My son!
Never be envious. Never behave
badly with others. These two
evils harm none but you.
Do good to
the deserving person and your
purpose should be to please
Allah. Be moderate in spending
for others.
O My son! The
best behavior is wisdom,
acquiring for which is very
essential. It is the religion of
Allah and it is similar to a
grown up tree which keeps it
alive and standing. Its water is
belief in Allah. Its root is
prayer, which keeps it straight
and steadfast. Its trunk is
zakat and its branches are the
efforts for maintaining
brotherly relations with one’s
brothers-in-faith merely for the
pleasure of Allah. Its leaves
are good morals. Its fruits are
abandoning disobedience of
Allah.
The greatest
sin is the sin against religion
and the greatest calamity is the
danger to faith and the most
profitable wealth is the wealth
of heart. So enrich your heart
with knowledge, faith and good
morality. Remain pleased and
happy on what Allah has fixed
for you. A man, who is patient,
gets halal provisions and he is
protected from the chastisement
in this world and Hereafter.
My son, when
the time for prayers comes, do
not postpone it. Prayer is the
base of religion.
My son! Never
delay repentance because death
arrives all of a sudden without
warning.
Do not
ridicule a man who falls in
trouble and never stop doing
good to others. Be honest so
that you may remain needless of
other’s wealth. Consider piety
as a business which will give
you a profit without investing
capital. My son! If be you not
be kind to a person whom you are
oppressing, be kind to yourself
because you are harming yourself
through that oppression. My son!
Talk less and remember Allah at
all places. Keep control on
yourself when angry so that you
may not be ditched in Hell. Do
good to the one who does good to
you. |
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