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By: John
L. Esposito Source: IslamiCity
The following article was
excerpted from What Everyone
Needs To Know About ISLAM by
John L. Esposito (Answers to
Frequently Asked Questions)
How is Islam similar to
Christianity and Judaism?
Judaism Christianity, and Islam,
in contrast to Hinduism and
Buddhism, are all monotheistic
faiths that worship the God of
Adam, Abraham, and
Moses-creator, sustainer, and
lord of the universe. They share
a common belief in the oneness
of God (monotheism), sacred
history (history as the theater
of God’s activity and the
encounter of God and humankind),
prophets and divine revelation,
angels, and Satan. All stress
moral responsibility and
accountability, Judgment Day,
and eternal reward and
punishment.
All three faiths emphasize their
special covenant with God, for
Judaism through Moses,
Christianity through Jesus, and
Islam through Muhammad.
Christianity accepts God’s
covenant with and revelation to
the Jews but traditionally has
seen itself as superseding
Judaism with the coming of
Jesus. Thus Christianity speaks
of its new covenant and New
Testament. So, too, Islam and
Muslims recognize Judaism and
Christianity: their biblical
prophets (among them Adam,
Abraham, Moses, and Jesus) and
their revelations (the Torah and
the New Testament, or Message of
Jesus). Muslim respect for all
the biblical prophets is
reflected in the custom of
saying “Peace and blessings be
upon him” after naming any of
the prophets and in the common
usage of the names Ibrahim
(Abraham), Musa (Moses), Daoud
(David), Sulayman (Solomon), and
Issa (Jesus) for Muslims. In
addition, Islam makes frequent
reference to Jesus and to the
Virgin Mary, who is cited more
times in the Quran than in the
New Testament.
However, Muslims believe that
Islam supersedes Judaism and
Christianity-that the Quran is
the final and complete word of
God and that Muhammad is the
last of the prophets. In
contrast to Christianity, which
accepts much of the Hebrew
Bible, Muslims believe that what
is written in the Old and New
Testaments is a corrupted
version of the original
revelation to Moses and Jesus.
Moreover, Christianity’s
development of “new” dogmas such
as the belief that Jesus is the
Son of God and the doctrines of
redemption and atonement is seen
as admixing God’s revelation
with human fabrication.
Peace is central to all three
faiths. This is reflected
historically in their use of
similar greetings meaning “peace
be upon you”: shalom aleichem in
Judaism, pax vobiscum in
Christianity, and salaam alaikum
in Islam. Often, however, the
greeting of peace has been meant
primarily for members of one’s
own faith community.
Leaders of each religion, from
Joshua and King David to
Constantine and Richard the
Lion-Hearted to Muhammad and
Saladin, have engaged in holy
wars to spread or defend their
communities or empires. The
joining of faith and politics
continues to exist in modern
times, though manifested in
differing ways, as seen in
Northern Ireland, South Africa,
America, Israel, and the Middle
East.
Islam is similar to Judaism in
its emphasis on practice rather
than belief, on law rather than
dogma. The primary religious
discipline in Judaism and Islam
has been religious law; for
Christianity it has been
theology. Historically, in
Judaism and Islam the major
debates and disagreements have
been among scholars of religious
law over matters of religious
practice, whereas in
Christianity the early disputes
and cleavages in the community
were over theological beliefs:
the nature of the Trinity or the
relationship of Jesus’ human and
divine natures.
How do Muslims view Judaism?
Christianity?
Both Jews and Christians hold a
special status within Islam
because of the Muslim belief
that God revealed His will
through His prophets, including
Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
Say, We believe in God, and in
what has been revealed to us,
and in what has been sent down
to Abraham and Ismail and Isaac
and Jacob and their offspring,
and what has been revealed to
Moses and Jesus and to all the
prophets of our Lord. We make no
distinction between them and we
submit to Him and obey. (Quran
3:84)
The Quran and Islam regard Jews
and Christians as children of
Abraham and refer to them as
“People of the Book,” since all
three monotheistic faiths
descend from the same
patrilineage of Abraham. Jews
and Christians trace themselves
back to Abraham and his wife
Sarah; Muslims, to Abraham and
his servant Hagar. Muslims
believe that God sent his
revelation (Torah) first to the
Jews through the prophet Moses
and then to Christians through
the prophet Jesus. They
recognize many of the biblical
prophets, in particular Moses
and Jesus, and those are common
Muslim names. Another common
Muslim name is Mary. In fact,
the Virgin Mary’s name occurs
more times in the Quran than in
the New Testament; Muslims also
believe in the virgin birth of
Jesus. However, they believe
that over time the original
revelations to Moses and Jesus
became corrupted. The Old
Testament is seen as a mixture
of God’s revelation and human
fabrication. The same is true
for the New Testament and what
Muslims see as Christianity’s
development of “new” and
erroneous doctrines such as that
Jesus is the Son of God and that
Jesus’ death redeemed and atoned
for humankind’s original sin. |
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